BODY FLUIDS AND BLOOD NOTES-CHAPTER 5- HAP 1- SEMESTER 1- B.PHARM PDF NOTES & REVIEW QUESTIONS FREE DOWNLOAD

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CONTENT:- (UNIT -III)

CHAPTER 5:- Body Fluids and Blood
  • Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, Hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system. 

CHECK OUT :- BODY FLUIDS & BLOOD PDF NOTES FREE DOWNLOAD 

CHPTER 6:- Lymphatic system
  • Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system.
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REVESION HIGHLIGHTS:-

1. Blood is a liquid connective tissue which provides a means of transport of vital products through the body.

2. It provides a means of communications between cells of the different parts of the body and the external environment.

3. It carries-------

(i) Oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and carbon dioxide from the tissue to the lungs for excretion.

(ii) Nutrients from the alimentary canal to the tissue and cells.

(iii) Waste products from the whole body to the excretory organs.

(iv) Hormones from the endocrine glands to their target glands and tissues.

(v) It maintains uniformity in the heat of the body by carrying heat-produced in the active tissue to less active tissue.

(vi) Antibodies to areas of infection.

(vii) It brings about clotting of blood to prevent its loss from the body.

4. Blood constitutes about 7% of body weight (About 5.6 liters in 70kg man).

5. It is composed of straw coloured transparent fluid called plasma which constitutes about 55% of the blood volume while remaining 45% are the different types of cells suspended in it. 

6. Plasma has 90-92% water and dissolved substances like 

(i) Plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, clotting factors and fibrinogen)

(ii) Inorganic salts (NaCl, Fe, Cu, Ca, P, K, Mg. S, I, Co) 

(iii) Organic waste (Urea, uric acid, creatinine)

(iv) Hormones, enzymes and antibodies

(v) Gases

7. The various cellular contents are -

Leukocytes (white cells), erythrocytes (red cells), thrombocytes (or platelets) 

8. Five types of white blood cells are lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and Besophils.

9. Platelets are derived from the giant cells (megakaryocytes) which are pinched off as cytoplasmic bodies in the bone marrow. They release substances for the clotting of blood.

10. The various steps of the clotting of blood are-injured tissue → thromboplastin + prothrombin + calcium → prothrombinase →  thrombin + fibrinogen→ fibrin + blood cells = clot.

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REVIEW QUESTIONS:-

                        UNIT- 5:- BODY FLUIDS & BLOOD

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:-

1. The blood contains:

(a) 90% water

(b) 80% water

(c) 95% water

(d) 60% water

2. The substances like iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides have a quantity of approximately

(a) 1% 

(b) 1.9%

(c) 9%

(d) 5%

3. Haemoglobin is a

(a) Polysaccharide

(b) Protein

(c) An enzyme

(d) Hormones

4. Metal derivative enzyme like iron (Fe) in the blood is called: 

(a) Lipids

(b) Heparin

(c) Proenzymes

(d) Porphyrins

5. Haemopoiesis is a process of the production of:

(a) Blood Plasm

(b) Erythrocytes

(c) Bone marrow

(d) Haemoglobin

6. The largest leucocytes are:

(a) Lymphocytes

(b) Monocytes

(c) Platelets

(d) Haemoglobin

7. The last product in the process of blood coagulation is:

(a) Fibrin

(b) Thrombin

(c) Thromboplastin

(d) Prothrombin

8. The ABO blood system was discovered by:

(a) Karl Correns

(b) Karl Landsteiner

(c) Mayer 

(d) Waldayer

9. A person with one of the following blood groups is considered a universal recipient :

(a) AB

(b) 0

(c) A

(d) B

10. Rhesus factor was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the year:

(a) 1944

(b) 1940

(c) 1950

(d) 1840

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FILL IN THE BLANKS:- 

1 Blood is a liquid________ tissue.

2. Blood contains three main respiratory gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and________

3. Blood platelets are called________

4. Wandering cells is another name for________

5. Prothrombin + calcium ions +________= Thrombin. 

6. A person with blood group 'O' is an universal________

7. When the RBCs are joined together in groups they are said to lie in ________formation.

8. In a disease called polycythemia there is an abnormal increase in the number of________.

9. A genetically controlled disease which is also called bleeding disease is known as________.

10. Those leucocytes which can stain with both the acidic and basic dyes are called________.
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✓ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of heparin and platelets in the blood of human beings?

2. Draw diagram of the various types of cells found in the blood.

3. What do you understand by the terms Haemopoiesis, thrombosis and agglutination?

4. Write a note on Haemoglobin.

5. Distinguish between eosinophils, basophils and write a detailed note on erythrocytes.

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LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:-

1. Give the functions of blood and add a note on ESR. 

2 Describe the composition of blood and write a detailed note on erythrocytes.

3. Describe the various types of leucocytes.

4 Explain the sequence of blood clotting. 

5. Write an essay on blood groups.

6. Write an account of the disorders of blood.

7. Write notes on

(a) Haematocrit value.

(b) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

(c) Blood plasma (serum)

(d) Coagulation mechanism
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ANSWER TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:- 

1. (a)         2. (c)    3. (b)    4. (d)    5. (b)

6. (b)         7. (a)    8. (b)    9. (a)    10. (b)

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ANSWERS TO FILL IN THE BLANKS:- 

1. Connective                    6. Donor

2. Nitrogen                        7. Rouleaux

3. Thrombocytes,                8. RBCs,

4. Leucocytes,                    9. Haemophilia

5. Thromboplastin,             10. Neutrophils.

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