Chapter 1|| Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology| BP101T| SEM 1| B.Pharm

Human Anatomy: Deals with the structure of the human body and

the relationship among the structures

Physiology: Deals with body functions

Contents of this Chapter:-

1. Scope of Human Anatomy & Physiology

2. Subspecialties of Anatomy

3. Subspecialties of Physiology

4. Levels of Organization 

5. Different Basic Terminologies Used in Anatomy & Physiology

6. Summary

7. Important Questions from this chapter

1. Scope of Human Anatomy & Physiology 

• Helps us to learn about the structure and functions of human body 

• Parameters of normal body health and factors affecting normal body processes can be known

• Forms the basis for proper diagnosis of a disease and its effective treatment

• Anatomical and Physiological concepts help in efficient surgeries and

• understanding the pathology of diseases

• Anatomical and Physiological concepts help in efficient surgeries and understanding the pathology of diseases

• Helps in successful maintenance of community and individual health and the inter relationship

   2. Subspecialties of Anatomy

• Embryology:- First 8 weeks of development
  

• Developmental Biology:-  From fertilization of an egg to death
  

• Cell Biology- Cellular structure and function
  

• Histology- Microscopic structure of tissues
  
  
  

• Surface anatomy- Surface markings of the body
  

• Gross anatomy-  Structures (Without the use of
  microscope)
  

• Systemic anatomy- Structures of Specific systems
  
• Regional anatomy-  Regional anatomy
  
• Radiographic anatomy-  Structures – Visualized with X - rays
  
• Pathological anatomy- Structural changes with disease
  

3. Subspecialties of Physiology

• Neurophysiology- Functional properties of nerve cells
  

• Endocrinology- Hormones and their control
  

• Cardiovascular Physiology-Functions of heart and blood vessels
  

• Immunology- Defense against disease causing organisms
  

• Respiratory Physiology- Functions of air passageways and lungs
  

• Renal Physiology- Functions of kidneys
  

• Exercise Physiology- Changes in Muscular activities 
  
  

• Pathophysiology- Functional changes during Disease and aging
  
  

4. Levels of Organization

Atoms<Chemicals or molecules<Complex proteins<Protein filaments<Cellular levels<Tissue Levels<Organ System<System level<Organization Level.

5. Different Basic Terminologies Used in Anatomy & Physiology

5.1.Regional Terms:-

5.2. Directional Terms:-

5.3. Body Planes:-

5.4. Body Cavities:-

    6. Summary

• Anatomy and Physiology: Study of Structure & functions of human body

• Levels of organization: Atomic level to organismal level
  

• Each of the body systems has several functions and these are interconnected

• Various systems work together to maintain homeostasis

• Anatomical terms, body planes and cavities: Help to describe the body structure

• Regional and directional terms: Useful to differentiate body landmarks

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